Passage　Two　
Questions　26　to　30　are　based　on　the　following　passage.　
I　came　away　from　my　years　of　teaching　on　the　college　and　university　level　with　a　conviction　that　enactment　(扮演角色),　performance,　dramatization　are　the　most　successful　forms　of　teaching.　Students　must　be　incorporated,　made,　so　far　as　possible,　an　integral　part　of　the　learning　process. The　notion　that　learning　should　have　in　it　an　element　of　inspired　play　would　seem　to　the　greater　part　of　the　academic　establishment　merely　silly,　but　that　is　nonetheless　the　case.　Of　Ezekiel　Cheever,　the　most　famous　schoolmaster　of　the　Massachusetts　Bay　Colony,　his　onetime　student　Cotton　Mather　wrote　that　he　so　planned　his　lessons　that　his　pupils　"came　to　work　as　though　they　came　to　play,"　and　Alfred　North　Whitehead,　almost　three　hundred　years　later,　noted　that　a　teacher　should　make　his/her　students　"glad　they　were　there."　

Since,　we　are　told,　80　to　90　percent　of　all　instruction　in　the　typical　university　is　by　the　lecture　method,　we　should　give　close　attention　to　this　form　of　education.　There　is,　I　think,　much　truth　in　Patricia　Nelson　Limerick's　observation　that　"lecturing　is　an　unnatural　act,　an　act　for　which　God　did　not　design　humans.　It　is　perfectly　all　right,　now　and　then,　for　a　human　to　be　possessed　by　the　urge　to　speak,　and　to　speak　while　others　remain　silent.　But　to　do　this　regularly,　one　hour　and　15　minutes　at　a　time　...　for　one　person　to　drag　on　while　others　sit　in　silence?　...　I　do　not　believe　that　this　is　what　the　Creator　...　designed　humans　to　do."　

The　strange,　almost　incomprehensible　fact　is　that　many　professors,　just　as　they　feel　obliged　to　write　dully,　believe　that　they　should　lecture　dully.　To　show　enthusiasm　is　to　risk　appearing　unscientific,　unobjective;　it　is　to　appeal　to　the　students'　emotions　rather　than　their　intellect.　Thus　the　ideal　lecture　is　one　filled　with　facts　and　read　in　an　unchanged　monotone.　

The　cult　(推崇)　of　lecturing　dully,　like　the　cult　of　writing　dully,　goes　back,　of　course,　some　years.　Edward　Shils,　professor　of　sociology,　recalls　the　professors　he　encountered　at　the　University　of　Pennsylvania　in　his　youth.　They　seemed　"a　priesthood,　rather　uneven　in　their　merits　but　uniform　in　their　bearing;　they　never　referred　to　anything　personal.　Some　read　from　old　lecture　notes　and　then　haltingly　explained　the　thumb-worn　last　lines.　Others　lectured　from　cards　that　had　served　for　years,　to　judge　by　the　worn　edges　....　The　teachers　began　on　time,　ended　on　time,　and　left　the　room　without　saying　a　word　more　to　their　students,　very　seldom　being　detained　by　questioners　....　The　classes　were　not　large,　yet　there　was　no　discussion-.　No　questions　were　raised　in　class,　and　there　were　no　office　hours."　

26.　The　author　believes　that　a　successful　teacher　should　be　able　to　_____.　
A)　make　dramatization　an　important　aspect　of　students'　learning　
B)　make　inspired　play　an　integral　part　of　the　learning　process　
C)　improve　students'　learning　performance　
D)　make　study　just　as　easy　as　play　
27.　The　majority　of　university　professors　prefer　the　traditional　way　of　lecturing　in　the　belief　that　_________________.　
A)　it　draws　the　close　attention　of　the　students　
B)　it　conforms　in　a　way　to　the　design　of　the　Creator　
C)　it　presents　course　content　in　a　scientific　and　objective　manner　
D)　it　helps　students　to　comprehend　abstract　theories　more　easily　
28.　What　the　author　recommends　in　this　passage　is　that　_________.　
A)　college　education　should　be　improved　through　radical　measures　
B)　more　freedom　of　choice　should　be　given　to　students　in　their　studies　
C)　traditional　college　lectures　should　be　replaced　by　dramatized　performances　
D)　interaction　should　be　encouraged　in　the　process　of　teaching　
29.　By　saying　"They　seemed　'a　priesthood,　rather　uneven　in　their　merits　but　uniform　in　their　bearing...'"　(Lines　3-4,　Para.　4),　the　author　means　that　_____.　
A)　professors　are　a　group　of　professionals　that　differ　in　their　academic　ability　but　behave　in　the　same　way　
B)　professors　are　like　priests　wearing　the　same　kind　of　black　gown　but　having　different　roles　to　play　
C)　there　is　no　fundamental　difference　between　professors　and　priests　though　they　differ　in　their　merits　
D)　professors　at　the　University　of　Pennsylvania　used　to　wear　black　suits　which　made　them　look　like　priests　
30.　Whose　teaching　method　is　particularly　commended　by　the　author?　
A)　Ezekiel　Cheever's.　C)　Alfred　North　Whitehead's.　
B)　Cotton　Mather's.　D)　Patricia　Nelson　Limerick's.　

Passage　Three　
Questions　31　to　35　are　based　on　the　following　passage.　
Take　the　case　of　public　education　alone.　The　principal　difficulty　faced　by　the　schools　has　been　he　tremendous　increase　in　the　number　of　pupils.　This　has　been　caused　by　the　advance　of　the　legal　age　for　going　into　industry　and　the　impossibility　of　finding　a　job　even　when　the　legal　age　has　been　reached.　In　view　of　the　technological　improvements　in　the　last　few　years,　business　will　require　in　the　future　proportionately　fewer　workers　than　ever　before.　The　result　will　be　still　further　raising　of　the　legal　age　for　going　into　employment,　and　still　further　difficulty　in　finding　employment　when　hat　age　has　been　attained.　If　we　cannot　put　our　children　to　work,　we　must　put　them　in　school.　

We　may　also　be　quite　confident　that　the　present　trend　toward　a　shorter　day　and　a　shorter　week　will　be　maintained.　We　have　developed　and　shall　continue　to　have　a　new　leisure　class.　Already　the　public　agencies　for　adult　education　are　swamped　by　the　tide　that　has　swept　over　them　since　depression　began.　They　will　be　little　better　off　when　it　is　over.　Their　support　must　come　from　the　taxpayer.　

It　is　surely　too　much　to　hope　that　these　increases　in　the　cost　of　public　education　can　be　borne　by　the　local　communities.　They　cannot　care　for　the　present　restricted　and　inadequate　system.　The　local　communities　have　failed　in　their　efforts　to　cope　with　unemployment.　They　cannot　expect　to　cope　with　public　education　on　the　scale　on　which　we　must　attempt　it.　The　answer　to　the　problem　of　unemployment　has　been　Federal　relief.　The　answer　to　the　problem　of　public　education　may　have　to　be　much　the　same,　and　properly　so.　If　there　is　one　thing　in　which　the　citizens　of　all　parts　of　the　country　have　an　interest,　it　is　in　the　decent　education　of　the　citizens　of　all　parts　of　the　country.　Our　income　tax　now　goes　in　part　to　keep　our　neighbors　alive.　It　may　have　to　go　in　part　as　well　to　make　our　neighbors　intelligent.　We　are　now　attempting　to　preserve　the　present　generation　through　Federal　relief　of　the　destitute　(贫民).　Only　a　people　determined　to　ruin　the　next　generation　will　refuse　such　Federal　funds　as　public　education　may　require.　
31.　What　is　the　passage　mainly　about?　
A)　How　to　persuade　local　communities　to　provide　more　funds.　
B)　How　to　cope　with　the　shortage　of　funds　for　public　education.　
C)　How　to　solve　the　rising　unemployment　problem.　
D)　How　to　improve　the　public　education　system.　
32.　What　is　the　reason　for　the　increase　in　the　number　of　students?　
A)　The　requirement　of　educated　workers　by　business.　
B)　Raising　of　the　legal　age　for　going　to　work.　
C)　The　trend　toward　a　shorter　workday.　
D)　People's　concern　for　the　future　of　the　next　generation.　
33.　The　public　agencies　for　adult　education　will　be　little　better　off　because　_____.　
A)　the　unemployed　are　too　poor　to　continue　their　education　
B)　a　new　leisure　class　has　developed　
C)　they　are　still　suffering　from　the　depression　
D)　an　increase　in　taxes　could　be　a　problem　
34.　According　to　the　author,　the　answer　to　the　problem　of　public　education　is　that　the　Federal　government　_____.　.　
A)　should　allocate　Federal　funds　for　public　education　
B)　should　demand　that　local　communities　provide　support　
C)　should　raise　taxes　to　meet　the　needs　of　public　education　
D)　should　first　of　all　solve　the　problem　of　unemployment　
35.　Why　does　the　author　say　"Only　a　people　determined　to　ruin　the　next　generation　will　refuse　such　Federal　funds　as　public　education　may　require"　(Lines　10-11,　Para.　3)?　
A)　Only　by　appropriating　adequate　Federal　funds　for　education　can　the　next　generation　have　a　bright　future.　
B)　Citizens　of　all　parts　of　the　country　agree　that　the　best　way　to　support　education　is　to　use　Federal　funds.　
C)　people　all　over　the　country　should　make　contributions　to　education　in　the　interest　of　the　next　generation.　
D)　Educated　people　are　determined　to　use　part　of　the　Federal　funds　to　help　the　poor.　

Passage　Four　
Questions　36　to　40　are　based　on　the　following　passage.　
A　new　high-performance　contact　lens　under　development　at　the　department　for　applied　physics　at　the　University　of　Heidelberg　will　not　only　correct　ordinary　vision　defects　but　will　enhance　normal　night　vision　as　much　as　five　times,　making　people's　vision　sharper　than　that　of　cats.　

Bille　and　his　team　work　with　an　optical　instrument　called　an　active　mirror　-　a　device　used　in　astronomical　telescopes　to　spot　newly　emerging　stars　and　far　distant　galaxies.　Connected　to　a　wave-front　sensor　that　tracks　and　measures　the　course　of　a　laser　beam　into　the　eye　and　back,　the　aluminum　mirror　detects　the　deficiencies　of　the　cornea,　the　transparent　protective　layer　covering　the　lens　of　the　human　eye.　The　highly　precise　data　from　the　two　instruments　-　which,　Bille　hopes,　will　one　day　be　found　at　the　opticians　(眼镜商)　all　over　the　world　-　serve　as　a　basis　for　the　production　of　completely　individualized　contact　lenses　that　correct　and　enhance　the　wearer's　vision.　

By　day,　Bille's　contact　lenses　will　focus　rays　of　light　so　accurately　on　the　retina　（视网膜）that　the　image　of　a　small　leaf　or　the　outline　of　a　far　distant　tree　will　be　formed　with　a　sharpness　that　surpasses　that　of　conventional　vision　aids　by　almost　half　a　diopter　(　屈光度).　At　night,　the　lenses　have　an　even　greater　potential.　"Because　the　new　lens　-　in　contrast　to　the　already　existing　ones　-　also　works　when　it's　dark　and　the　pupil　is　wide　open,"　says　Bille,　"lens　wearers　will　be　able　to　identify　a　face　at　a　distance　of　100　meters"　-　80　meters　farther　than　they　would　normally　be　able　to　see.　In　his　experiments　night　vision　was　enhanced　by　an　even　greater　factor:　in　semi-darkness,　test　subjects　could　see　up　to　15　times　better　than　without　the　lenses.　

Bille's　lenses　are　expected　to　reach　the　market　in　the　year　2000,　and　one　tentative　plan　is　to　use　the　Internet　to　transmit　information　on　patients'　visual　defects　from　the　optician　to　the　manufacturer,　who　will　then　produce　and　mail　the　contact　lenses　within　a　couple　of　days.　The　physicist　expects　the　lenses　to　cost　about　a　dollar　a　pair,　about　the　same　as　conventional　one-day　disposable　lenses.　

36.　The　new　contact　lens　is　meant　for　_____________.　
A)　astronomical　observations　C)　those　with　vision　defects　
B)　the　night　blind　D)　optical　experiments　
37.　What　do　the　two　instruments　mentioned　in　the　second　paragraph　(Line　5)　refer　to?　
A)　The　astronomical　telescope　and　the　wave-front　sensor.　
B)　The　aluminum　mirror　and　the　laser　beam.　
C)　The　active　mirror　and　the　contact　lens.　
D)　The　aluminum　mirror　and　the　wave-front　sensor.　
38.　Individualized　contact　lenses　(Line　7,　Para.　2)　are　lenses　designed　_____.　
A)　to　work　like　an　astronomical　telescope　
B)　to　suit　the　wearer's　specific　needs　
C)　to　process　extremely　accurate　data　
D)　to　test　the　wearer's　eyesight　
39.　According　to　Bille,　with　the　new　lenses　the　wearer's　vision　_____.　
A)　will　be　far　better　at　night　than　in　the　daytime　
B)　may　be　broadened　about　15　times　than　without　them　
C)　can　be　better　improved　in　the　daytime　than　at　night　
D)　will　be　sharper　by　a　much　greater　degree　at　night　than　in　the　daytime　
40.　Which　of　the　following　is　true　about　Bille's　lenses?　
A)　Their　production　process　is　complicated.　
B)　They　will　be　sold　at　a　very　low　price.　
C)　They　have　to　be　replaced　every　day.　
D)　Purchase　orders　can　be　made　through　the　Internet.