Passage Three
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage:
It is everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.
language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a deion of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyments, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire（能发出的全部声音）. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate（有意识的）imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
61. By "…challenges explanation" (Line 2, Para.1) the author means that ________.
A) no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon
B) no explanation has been made up to now
C) it's no easy job to provide an adequate explanation
D) it's high time that an explanation was provided
62. The third paragraph is mainly about ______.
A) the development of babies' early forms of language
B) the difficulties of babies in learning to speak
C) babies' strong desire to communicate
D) babies' intention to communicate
63. The author's purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children ______.
A) usually obey without asking questions
B) are passive in the process of learning to speak
C) are born cooperative
D) learn to speak by listening
64. From the passage we learn that _______.
A) early starters can learn to speak within only six months
B) children show a strong desire to communicate by making noises
C) imitation plays an important role in learning to speak
D) children have various difficulties in learning to speak
65. The best for this passage would be ______.
A) How Babies Learn to Speak
B) Early Forms of language
C) A Huge Task for Children
D) Noise Making and language Learning
Passage Four
Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage:
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive（认知学派的）researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary（金钱的）rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements（刺激）indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards."
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
66. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ______.
A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
B) the amount of monetary rewards for student' creativity
C) the study of relationship between actions and their consequences
D) the effects of external rewards on students' performance
67. What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?
A) They have no doubts about them.
B) They have doubts about them.
C) They approve of them.
D) They avoid talking about them.
68. Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?
A) Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.
B) Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.
C) Giving them rewards they really deserve.
D) Giving them rewards they anticipate.
69. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe ______.
A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students
B) punishment is more effective than rewarding
C) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards
D) discouraging the students' anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency
70. The phrase "token economies" (Line 1, Para.5) probably refers to ________.
A) ways to develop economy
B) systems of rewarding students
C) approaches to solving problems
D) methods of improving performance
Part IV Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words.)
In Britain, the old Road Traffic Act restricted speeds to 2 m.p.h. (miles per hour) in towns and 4 m.p.h. in the country. Later Parliament increased the speed limit to 14 m.p.h. But by 1903 the development of the car industry had made it necessary to raise the limit to 20 m.p.h. By 1930, however, the law was so widely ignored that speeding restrictions were done away with altogether. For five years motorists were free to drive at whatever speeds they likes. Then in 1935 the Road Traffic Act imposed a 30 m.p.h. speed limit in built-up areas, along with the introduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossing.
Speeding is now the most common motoring offence in Britain. Offences for speeding fall into three classes: exceeding the limit on a restricted road, exceeding on any road the limit for the vehicle you are driving, and exceeding the 70 m.p.h. limit on any road. A restricted road is one where the street lamps are 200 yards apart, or more.
The main controversy (争论) surrounding speeding laws is the extent of their safety value. The Ministry of Transport maintains that speed limits reduce accidents. It claims that when the 30 m.p.h. limit was introduced in 1935 there was a fall of 15 percent in fatal accidents. Likewise, when the 40 m.p.h. speed limit was imposed on a number of roads in London in the late fifties, there was a 28 percent reduction in serious accidents. There were also fewer casualties (伤亡) in the year after the 70 m.p.h. motorway limit was imposed in 1966.
In America, however, it is thought that the reduced accident figures are due rather to the increase in traffic density. This is why it has even been suggested that the present speed limits should be done away with completely, or that a guide should be given to inexperienced drivers and the speed limits made advisory, as is done in parts of the USA.
Questions:（注意：答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写一个英语单词，标点符号不占格。）
71. During which period could British motorists drive without speed limits?
72. What measures were adopted in 1935 in addition to the speeding restrictions?
73. Speeding is a motoring offence a driver commits when he __________.
74. What is the opinion of British authorities concerning speeding laws?
75. What reason do Americans give for the reduction in traffic accidents?
Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes tow rite a composition on the topic Practice Makes Perfect. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 怎样理解"熟能生巧"？
2. 例如：在英语学习中．．．
3. 又如．．．
Practice Makes Perfect
参考答案：
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. C
11. B 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. A 17. B 18. B 19. A 20. C
21. D 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. D
31. C 32. C 33. D 34. D 35. A 36. B 37. B 38. A 39. B 40. C
41. D 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. C
51. B 52. D 53. C 54. A 55. D 56. A 57. D 58. B 59. B 60. C
61. C 62. A 63. D 64. C 65. A 66. D 67. B 68. C 69. A 70. B
71. 1930 - 1934 (or -1935) / from 1930 to 1934.
72. (The introduction of) Driving tests and pedestrian crossings.
73. exceeds the speed limits / breaks speeding laws
74. Speed limits reduce accidents.
75. The increase in traffic density.