Passage Three
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage:
The concept of "environment" is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental. But in actual practice this system breaks down in many ways, because the organism and the environment are constantly interacting so that the environment is modified by the organism and vice versa（反之亦然）.
In the case of man, the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer（持有者）of culture. If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the environmental forces that are acting on the organism, we find that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants and such-like factors common to all biological situations; but we also find, always, very important environmental influences that we can only class as "cultural", which modify the physical and biological factors. But man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture, we find that it, in turn, is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography. We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at another moment, as a part of the environment.
61. Which of the following words can best describe the popular understanding of "environment" as the author sees it?
A) Elaborate.
B) Prejudiced.
C) Faultless.
D) Oversimplified.
62. According to the author the concept of "environment" is difficult to explain because _______
A) it doesn't distinguish between the organism and the environment
B) it involves both internal and external forces
C) the organism and the environment influence each other
D) the relationship between the organism and the environment is unclear
63. In analyzing the environmental forces acting on man the author suggests that ________.
A) biological factors are less important to the organism than cultural factors to man
B) man and other animals are modified equally by the environmental forces
C) man is modified by the cultural environment as well as by the natural environment
D) physical and biological factors exert more influence on other organisms than on man
64. As for culture, the author points out that ________.
A) it develops side by side with environmental factors
B) it is also affected by environmental factors
C) it is generally accepted to be part of the environment
D) it is a product of man's biological instincts
65. In this passage, the author is primarily concerned with _______.
A) the interpretation of the term "environment"
B) the discussion on organisms and biological environment
C) the comparison between internal and external factors influencing man
D) the evaluation of man's influence on culture
Passage Four
Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage:
The speaker, a teacher from a community college, addressed a sympathetic audience. Heads nodded in agreement when he said, "High school English teachers are not doing their jobs." He described the inadequacies of his students, all high school graduates who can use language only at a grade 9 level. I was unable to determine from his answers to my questions how this grade 9 level had been established.
My topic is not standards nor its decline（降低）. What the speaker was really saying is that eh is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult.
My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. It is also human nature to look for the reasons for our dissatisfaction. Before English became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies（缺陷）. But since then, English teachers have been under constant attack.
The complainers think they have hit upon an original idea. As their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect. To the eyes and ears of sensitive adults the language of the young always seems inadequate.
Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today's young people, it naturally follows that today's English teachers cannot be doing their jobs. Otherwise, young people would not commit offenses against the language.
66. The speaker the author mentioned in the passage believed that ________.
A) the language of the younger generation is usually inferior to that of the older generation
B) the students had a poor command of English because they didn't work hard enough
C) he was an excellent language teacher because he had been teaching English for sixteen years
D) English teachers should be held responsible for the students' poor command of English
67. In the author's opinion, the speaker _______.
A) gave a correct judgement of the English level of the students
B) had exaggerated the language problems of the students
C) was right in saying that English teachers were not doing their jobs
D) could think and speak intelligently
68. The author's attitude towards the speaker's remarks is _______.
A) neutral
B) positive
C) critical
D) compromising
69. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.
A) it is justifiable to include English as a school subject
B) the author disagrees with the speaker over the standard of English at Grade 9 level
C) English language teaching is by no means an easy job
D) language improvement needs time and effort
70. In the passage the author argues that ______.
A) it is unfair to blame the English teachers for the language deficiencies of the students
B) young people would not commit offences against the language is the teachers did their jobs properly
C) to eliminate language deficiencies one must have sensitive eyes and ears
D) to improve the standard of English requires the effort of several generations
Part IV Translation (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, there are five items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences. These sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages you have just read in Part Three of Test Paper One. You are allowed 15 minutes to do the translation. You should refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.
71. (Passage 2, Lines 1-2, Para.5)
Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged;
72. (Passage 2, Lines 1-3, Para.3)
Them we fed them four unidentified samples of cola on at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other.
73. (Passage 2, Lines 1-2, Para.5)
While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times.
74. (Passage 3, Lines 4-5, Para.2)
…we find that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants, and such-like factors common to all biological situations;
75. (Passage 4, Lines 1-2, Para.3)
My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable.
Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Two-day Weekend. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 双休日给大学生带来的好处。
2. 双休日可能给大学生带来的问题。
3. 我应当怎样过好双休日。
The Two-day Weekend
参考答案：
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. C
11. A 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. D
21. C 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. B
31. B 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. D 36. A 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. A
41. A 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. B 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. D
51. A 52. B 53. D 54. B 55. C 56. A 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. A
61. D 62. C 63. C 64. B 65. A 66. D 67. B 68. C 69. D 70. A
71. 科学家有理由相信，一个人能够承受远远高于0.1雷目（rem）的辐射而不受到伤害。
72. 然后我们给他们喝4种没有任何标记的可乐，一次一种，一组人喝普通的可乐，另一组喝低糖型的可乐。
73. 虽然两组做的都比随机猜测的正确度高，仍有约一半的受试者做出了两个或更多的错误选择。
74. 我们发现我们必须和气候、土壤、植物以及诸如此类的对所有生物环境都很普遍的因素打交道。
75. 我的观点是一代人经常抱怨下一代人是不可避免的。