Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
For any given task in Britain there are more men than are needed. Strong unions keep them there in Fleet Street, home of some London's biggest dailies, it is understood that when two unions quarrel over three jobs, the argument is settled by giving each union two. That means 33 per cent overmanning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained.
A reporter who has visited plants throughout Europe has an impression that the pace of work is much slower here. Nobody tries too hard. Tea breaks do matter and are frequent. It is hard to measure intensity of work, but Britons give a distinct impression of going at their tasks in a more leisurely way.
But is all this so terrible? It certainly does not improve the gross national product or output per worker. Those observant visitors, however, have noticed something else about Britain. It is a pleasant place.
Street crowds in Stockholm. Paris and New York move quickly and silently heads down, all in a hurry. London crowds tend to walk at an easy pace ( except in the profitable, efficient City, the financial district).
Every stranger is struck by the patient and orderly way in which Britons queue for a bus: if the saleswoman is slow and out of stock she will likely say, 'oh dear, what a pity'; the rubbish collectors stop to chat (聊天) and call the housewives "Luv". Crime rises here as in every city but there still remains a gentle tone and temper that is unmatched in Berlin, Milan or Detroit.
In short, what is wrong with Britain may also be what is right. Having reached a tolerable standard, Britons appear to be choosing leisure over goods.
36. What happens when disputes over job opportunities arise among British unions?
(A) Thirty three per cent of the workers will be out of work.
(B) More people will be employed than necessary.
(C) More jobs will be created by the government.
(D) The unions will try to increase productivity.
37. What does the reporter who has visited plants throughout Europe think about Britain? _____
(A) Tea breaks do not affect the intensity of work in Britain.
(B) Britons do their work in an unhurried sort of way.
(C) The pace of work in Continental Europe is much slower than in Britain.
(D) Britons give the impression of working intensively.
38. "The breaks matter" (Para. 2, Line 2) indicates that _____.
(A) they are an important aspect of the British way of life
(B) they are greatly enjoyed by British workers
(C) they can be used by the workers as an excuse to take time off from work
(D) they help the workers to be on good terms with each other
39. The word "this" (Para. 3, Line 1) the author means to say that _____.
(A) there are more men on any given job than are needed
(B) 33 per cent overmanning leads to 33 per cent less productivity
(C) it is difficult to measure the intensity of work
(D) Britons generally do not want to work too hard
40. By "what is wrong with Britain may also be what is right" (Para. 6, Line 1) the author means to say that _____.
(A) quarrels between unions will help create jobs
(B) a leisurely way of life helps Britons increase productivity
(C) the gentle tone and temper of the people in Britain makes it a pleasant place
(D) Britons will not sacrifice their leisure to further increase productivity
Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)
41. The grey building is where the workers live, and the white one is where the spare parts _____.
(A) are producing (B) are produced (C) produced (D) being produced
42. I could not persuade him to accept it, _____ make him see the important of it.
(A) if only I could not (B) no more than I could (C) or I could not (D) nor could I
43. Because of the _____ emphasis placed on classroom work, the instructor will report your absences to the adviser.
(A) large (B) strong (C) hard (D) high
44. Homework _____ on time will lead to better grades.
(A) done (B) be done (C) having done (D) to have been done
45. The speech _____ a lively discussion started.
(A) being delivered (B) was delivered (C) be delivered (D) having been delivered
46. I have had great deal of trouble _____ the rest of the class.
(A) coming up against (B) making up for (C) keeping up with (D) living up to
47. _____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.
(A) Not being (B) Had it not been (C) Without being (D) Not having been
48. _____ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.
(A) To become (B) Become (C) One become (D) On becoming
49. The little man was _____ more than one metre fifty tall.
(A) nearly (B) quite (C) hardly (D) almost
50. Certain programs work better for some _____ for others.
(A) and (B) than (C) as (D) but
51. Some plants are so sensitive _____ pollution that they can only survive in a perfectly clean environment.
(A) from (B) against (C) to (D) with
52. It does not alter the fact that he was the man _____ for the death of the little girl.
(A) accounting (B) guilty (C) responsible (D) obliged
53. Medical care reform has become this country's most important public health _____.
(A) question (B) stuff (C) matter (D) issue
54. Not that John doesn't want to help you, _____ it's beyond his power.
(A) but that (B) for that (C) and that (D) in that
55. It is not unusual for workers in that region _____.
(A) to be paid more than a month late (C) to pay later than a month more
(B) to be paid later than more a month (D) to pay late more than a month
56. I used to smoke ____ but I gave it up three years ago.
(A) seriously (B) heavily (C) badly (D) severely
57. The doctor told Penny that too much _____ to the sun is bad for the skin.
(A) exposure (B) extension (C) exhibition (D) expansion
58. Michael used to look hurt and surprised when _____.
(A) scolding (B) to scold (C) having scolded (D) scolded
59. He decided to make further improvements on the computer's design _____ the light of the requirements of customers.
(A) on (B) for (C) in (D) with
60. If you don't like to swim, you _____ stay at home.
(A) should as well (B) may as well (C) can as well (D) would as well
61. To be frank, I'd rather you _____ in the case.
(A) will not be involved (B) not involved (C) not to be involved (D) were not involved
62. If you suspect that the illness might be serious you should not _____ going to the doctor.
(A) put off (B) hold back (C) put aside (D) hold up
63. If you want to know the train schedule, please _____ at the booking office.
(A) acquire (B) inquire (C) request (D) require
64. He thought that _____.
(A) the effort doing the job was not worth (C) it was not worth the effort doing the job
(B) the effort was not worth in doing the job (D) it was not worth the effort by doing the job
65. The coming of the railways in the 1830s _____ our society and economic life.
(A) transformed (B) transported (C) transferred (D) transmitted
66. I have no objection _____ the evening with them.
(A) to spend (B) to spending (C) of spending (D) spending
67. Realizing that he hadn't enough money and _____ to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.
(A) not wanted (B) not to want (C) not wanting (D) wanting not
68. In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments, a student should _____ his findings in logical order and clear language.
(A) furnish (B) propose (C) raise (D) present
69. _____ they reached the centre of the city, they stopped the car at a bar.
(A) Before a mile or so when (C) Further than a mile or so
(B) For a mile or so after (D) A mile or so before
70. They are teachers and don't realize _____ to start and run a company.
(A) what it takes (B) what takes it (C) what they take (D) what takes them