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骨形态发生蛋白及其相关结合蛋白在骨与软骨形态发生中的作用

  4.3  DAN基因  是作为抑癌基因,通过差示杂交检测分离出来[20],能抑制变异细胞DNA合成。在诱导非洲蟾蜍胚胎头颅发生时,头颅诱导基因Cerebrus编码分泌性蛋白,这一过程与半胱氨酸丰富区的DAN基因相关[21]。Gremlin基因是非洲蟾蜍属DAN基因的同系物,在检测卵巢互补DNA文库(cDNA library),观察诱导副轴出现时被发现[22],可抑制BMP2活性。虽然目前还尚未明确DAN对关节软骨和在骨性关节炎中的具体作用,但DAN家族成员成为新的BMP对抗物[23~25]。

  5  BMP活性增效剂-xTsg (twisted gastrulation)基因

  通过动物实验研究,在非洲蟾蜍体内发现了一种新基因——xTsg (twisted gastrulation),是BMP活性的增效剂[26],它与BMP的结合存在着短暂时续、极小范围的分离,微量注射就可引起BMP信号表达的增强,导致非洲蟾蜍胚胎的腹侧化。

  6  结论
  
  当代发生生物学有一个主流思想,就是生物在发生模式形成和形态发生过程中,受到基因的调节。例如,身体前后轴的出现受到同源盒基因(box gene)的调控;脊椎动物形态发生是BMPs及其对抗物chordin基因,和金属蛋白酶xolloid的表达模式和活动结果。因此,BMPs、BMP感受器、细胞外基质、BMP对抗物-BMP结合蛋白、BMP活性增效剂之间复杂的相互作用,是软骨形态发生的关键性因素,另外,由于BMP还与细胞外基质成分[10,27],如硫酸乙酰肝素、肝磷脂等结合,所以必定还有许多调控因素不为人知,尚需进一步探索,为后天关节软骨破坏的再生修复提供了发生生物学实验依据。

  【参考文献】

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